目的 探讨开胸术后留置尿管的患者提高拔管后首次排尿成功率的具体方法,减轻患者的不适感。方法 以2009 年5~11 月我科58 例开胸术后留置导尿管的患者作为对照组,采用医生晨间查房后立即拔除尿管;2010 年2 月~10月60 例开胸术后留置导尿管的患者作为研究组,采用晨间护理时夹闭尿管,待输液后病人有明显尿意时再拔除尿管。观察两组患者的首次排尿成功率、排尿后的舒适度及尿储留的发生率。结果 与对照组比较,研究组患者首次排尿成功率明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05),主观不适感明显降低(P〈0.01)。结论 采用研究组的方法拔除尿管能明显提高开胸术后患者的首次排尿成功率。
开胸术; 尿管; 首次成功率
[Abstract] Objective discussion the method of how to enhance the first success rate of urination in patient who havethe thoracotomy ,which can reduce the discomfort of the patient. Methods The control group is the 58 patient between the May and November of 2009 in our Department of th thoracic surgery, These patients have the thoracicoperation and keep catheter ,in the groupwe can pull out the patient,s catheter immediately after the doctor,sadvice in morning .The study group is the 60 patient between the February and October of 2010 who have the thoracic operation and keep the catheter. In this group we close the catheter in the morning nurse, and pull out the catheter when the patient have urge to urinate. We observe the success rate of the first urinate. Results The result compare with the control group, The first urinate of the patient in the study group is improved obviously, the difference between the two
group has meaning about statistics(p<0.05), the uncomfortable is droped obviously(p<0.01). Conclusion we can improvethe patient,s success rate of the first urinate if we adopt the method in the study group.
[Keywords] Thoracotomy; Catheter; The success rate of the first urinate
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 1.2 方法
对照组:按常规医生晨间查房后开出医嘱即拔除尿管;研究组:晨间护理时先夹闭尿管,待输液后,病人膀胱充盈有明显尿液时再拔除尿管。
1.3 观察指标
观察两组患者首次排尿时间和舒适度及是否需要诱导排尿或重新导尿。拔除尿管后,患者有尿意时不需任何诱导方法就能自行排出,称为首次排尿成功;当患者拔除尿管后,有尿意却不能自行排出,需经按摩、热敷下腹部、冲洗外阴及下床活动等护理方法才能排出尿液者,称为诱导排尿成功;另外,经诱导仍无效者,需再次导尿。
1.4 统计学分析 2 结果
对照组拔尿管后排尿51 例,诱导排尿7例,诱导排尿失败后重新导尿4 例。实验组拔尿管后自然排尿57 例,诱导排尿3 例,无1 例重新导尿。实验组排尿成功率明显高于对照组(p﹤0.05),病人主观不适感明显减轻。
3 讨论 晨间查房时先夹闭病人的尿管,输液后病人尿液明显增多,在短时间内快速进入膀胱使之充盈,内压显著上升,对膀胱壁产生强烈刺激,病人产生强烈的尿意,在神经反射的支配下,引起腹肌、膈肌、膀胱逼尿肌强有力的收缩,此时拔除尿管,尿液在强大的腹内压下快速排出。病人无不适感,对尿道也起到一个冲洗作用。
开胸术后留置尿管的患者选择在晨间护理时夹闭尿管,待病人输液后,膀胱充盈,病人出现明显尿液时再拔除拔管的方法,使患者首次排尿时间大大缩短,明显提高了首次排尿成功率,减少了尿储留等并发症的发生,使患者主观舒适感明显提高,减轻了患者的不良心理刺激,对术后恢复起到
一定促进作用。
[2] 冯会英.拔尿管前膀胱冲洗对患者自主排尿的影响[J].国际医药卫生导报,2007,11(13):56.
[3] 陆烈红,叶家薇,邹瑞芳.自控镇痛病人发生尿潴留的相关因素分析与对策[J].中华护理杂志,2002,37(2):123.
[4] 李惠玲,李淑蓉,刘淑蓉.拔除留置尿管时机对减少尿潴留的临床研究[J].护士进修杂志,2002,17():6.
[5] 韩淑珍,王立祥.术后保留导尿管患者拔管后快速排尿方法的探讨.实用护理杂志,2002,18:43.